Transforms¶
Overview¶
Signal Transformations allow for taking signals and further processing the data such as running math on, complex functions, and combining with other signals. The output is always one or more unique signals for the asset that can be used like any other signal.
Transformations convert a signal to a new signal with some math applied, a join with other signals, or with more complex processing. The output of a transformation is a unique signal that can be used as a part of the asset for rules, dashboards, etc.
Off the Shelf transforms available within ExoSense
| Function | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Linear Gain | Standard | Linear gain + offset function. |
| Linear Map | Standard | Map to new value based on a linear scale. |
| Join | Standard | Join multiple signals with basic operations. |
| Continuous Accumulation | Standard | Accumulate/Decrement signal values |
| Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) | Standard | Infinite Impulse Response |
| Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) | Standard | Calculate Temperature from NTC sensor |
| Band Gap Filter | Standard | Filter in / out of a band gap |
| Total Mass from Flow Mass | Flow | Get Total Mass from Flow Mass over time |
| Total Volume from Flow Volume per Minute | Flow | Get Volume from Flow Volume over time |
| Total Volume from Flow Volume per Second | Flow | Get Volume from Flow Volume over time |
| Aggregation by Time Interval | Windowed | Aggregate values by time interval |
| Rolling Aggregation by Count | Windowed | Rolling aggregation by count |
| Rolling Aggregation by Duration | Windowed | Rolling aggregation by a time duration |
Using Transforms¶
In the Modify Asset Config interface for any given Asset, transforms can be added to the existing signals. Once added, one or more new signals are created.
The output Signals will be listed in Modify Asset Configuration under 'Calculated Signals' and are available for adding rules to, further transformations or analytics, reporting, and dashboard use.
Adding More Transforms¶
The Exosite IoT Marketplace contains additional Insight modules that can be added to ExoSense by administrators. Custom transformations can be built for transforming of data or analytics. Once added or created, these show up in the Modify Asset Config 'Add Transform' interface.
Custom Transforms
The off-the-shelf standard transformations provided with ExoSense may not cover all use cases. Custom transforms can be created using the ExoSense Insight functionality. You can build your own transforms using the Insight capabilities.
Standard Transform Details¶
Linear Gain¶
Allows for applying a scaling factor and offset for a signal using the function: result = gain * input + offset.
Use Cases:
- Use Linear Scale for applying calibration factors to signals.
Configuration
| I/O | Details |
|---|---|
| Inputs | 1 Numeric signal |
| Outputs | 1 Numeric signal (Type / Unit can be configured) |
Parameters:
| Parameter | Format | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gain | Number | ✔︎ | Multiplier of the signal value before the offset is applied. Default to 1. Can be negative. |
| Offset | Number | ✔︎ | Added to the value after the gain is applied. Default to 0. Can be negative. Can be negative. |
Linear Map¶
Map a signal to new values, based on a linear scale. Enter the original signal's minimum and maximum, and the transformed signal's minimum and maximum. Computes the Linear Map from In Minimum and In Maximum to Out Minimum and Out Maximum (result = (x - inMin) * ∆Out / ∆In + outMin)
Use Cases:
- Use Linear Mapping to transform a hardwired analog input 4-20mA signal to a 0-100% range signal.
Configuration
| I/O | Details |
|---|---|
| Inputs | 1 Numeric signal |
| Outputs | 1 Numeric signal (Type / Unit can be configured) |
Parameters:
| Parameter | Format | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Minimum | Number | ✔︎ | Minimum input value to use in the mapping function. |
| In Maximum | Number | ✔︎ | Maximum input value to use in the mapping function. |
| Out Minimum | Number | ✔︎ | Minimum output value to use in the mapping function. |
| Out Maximum | Number | ✔︎ | Maximum outputs value to use in the mapping function. |
Join¶
Join multiple signals with basic math operations.
- addition
- subtraction
- multiply
- divide
- modulo
Evaluation Sequence
Join operations are evaluated top-to-bottom, rather than per standard order of operations.
Triggers
The join transform is triggered for each input signal value, meaning that if both signals have data written to them through a device at the same time, the transform will run twice. If your Join has two signals, A and B, and both values are written into the system at the same time, the function will for example run once for input A (using a previous B value) and once for input B (with the latest A value).
Use Cases:
- Example: Use Join to add energy meters together for a combined energy usage signal.
Configuration
| I/O | Details |
|---|---|
| Inputs | 2 to 5 Numeric signals |
| Outputs | 1 Numeric signal (Type / Unit can be configured) |
Parameters:
| Parameter | Format | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| First Op | Number | ✔︎ | Math operations to be applied between the First input and Second input. |
| Second Op | Number | Math operations to be applied between the Second input and Third input. | |
| Third Op | Number | Math operations to be applied between the Third input and Fourth input. | |
| Fourth Op | Number | Math operations to be applied between the Fourth input and Fifth input. | |
| Gain | Number | ✔︎ | Default is 1. Multiplier of the signal value before the offset is applied. Default to 1. Can be negative. |
| Offset | Number | ✔︎ | Default is 0. Added to the value after the gain is applied. Default to 0. Can be negative. Can be negative. |
Continuous Accumulation¶
This function will Sum (Increment) or Subtract (Decrement) incoming values with an optional starting value (default 0).
Use Cases:
- Continuous accumulation of a sensor value over the lifetime
Configuration
| I/O | Details |
|---|---|
| Inputs | 1 Numeric signal |
| Outputs | 1 Numeric signal (Type / Unit can be configured) |
Parameters:
| Parameter | Format | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Value to start from | Number | ✔︎ | Default 0. The starting number for increment/decrementing from |
Infinite Impulse Response (IIR)¶
This function will combine incoming values by an IIR [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_impulse_response].
Configuration
| I/O | Details |
|---|---|
| Inputs | 1 Numeric signal |
| Outputs | 1 Numeric signal (Type / Unit can be configured) |
Parameters:
| Parameter | Format | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weighting Value | Number | ✔︎ | Decimal value between 0 and 1. A value between 0 and 1 excluding to weight prior values |
Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC)¶
Computes Temperature from an analog voltage value using NTC provided Beta and Resistance at 25°C parameters. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_coefficient]
Configuration
| I/O | Details |
|---|---|
| Inputs | 1 Numeric signal (assumes an analog voltage) |
| Outputs | 1 Temperature signal (℃) |
Parameters:
| Parameter | Format | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beta | Number | ✔︎ | Beta value from sensor datasheet |
| Resistance at 25℃ | Number | ✔︎ | Resistance at 25℃ value from sensor datasheet |
Band Gap Filter¶
This function will sort values that are inside and outside of a range into two output signals.
Configuration
| I/O | Details |
|---|---|
| Inputs | 1 Numeric signal |
| Outputs | 2 signals using the original input signal type/unit |
Parameters:
| Parameter | Format | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower Limit | Number | ✔︎ | Exclusive lower limit for band gap |
| Upper Limit | Number | ✔︎ | Exclusive upper limit for band gap |
Flow Transformations:¶
Total Mass from Flow Mass¶
Derives the total mass from incoming flow mass rate.
Configuration
| I/O | Details |
|---|---|
| Inputs | 1 signal of Flow Mass type |
| Outputs | 1 signal of Mass type |
Total Volume from Flow Volume per Minute¶
Derives the total volume from incoming flow volume per minute.
Configuration
| I/O | Details |
|---|---|
| Inputs | 1 signal of Flow Volume type, units of per minute |
| Outputs | 1 signal of Volume type |
Total Volume from Flow Volume per Second¶
Derives the total volume from incoming flow volume per second.
Configuration
| I/O | Details |
|---|---|
| Inputs | 1 signal of Flow Volume type, units of per second |
| Outputs | 1 signal of Volume type |
Windowed Transforms:¶
Aggregation by Time Interval¶
Aggregates signal values over the time window specified.
Configuration
| I/O | Details |
|---|---|
| Inputs | 1 Numeric signal |
| Outputs | 1 Numeric signal (Type / Unit can be configured) |
Parameters:
| Parameter | Format | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interval Size | Number | ✔︎ | Interval in seconds for the time window for aggregation |
| Interval Alignment | Number | ✔︎ | Alignment in Seconds since Unix Epoch to align intervals against |
| How to combine the values | Enum operations | ✔︎ | Operation for aggregating the data (min, max, mean, sum, count ) |
Rolling Aggregation by Count¶
Rolling aggregation of past signal values by count.
Configuration
| I/O | Details |
|---|---|
| Inputs | 1 Numeric signal |
| Outputs | 1 Numeric signal (Type / Unit can be configured) |
Parameters:
| Parameter | Format | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of past values to combine | Number | ✔︎ | Number of values to continuously combine with each new value as a rolling aggregation |
| How to combine the values | Enum operations | ✔︎ | Operation for aggregating the data (min, max, mean, sum ) |
Rolling Aggregation by Duration¶
Rolling aggregation of past signal values in the past time duration (in seconds).
Configuration
| I/O | Details |
|---|---|
| Inputs | 1 Numeric signal |
| Outputs | 1 Numeric signal (Type / Unit can be configured) |
Parameters:
| Parameter | Format | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duration in seconds | Number | ✔︎ | Time duration to continuously combine as a rolling aggregation |
| How to combine the values | Enum operations | ✔︎ | Operation for aggregating the data (min, max, mean, sum ) |